What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity, which has a negative impact on the social and/or academic or occupational functioning of the individual. Currently, ADHD occurs in about 5% of children and 2.5% of adults.
Examples of Inattention:
Failing to pay close attention to details
Making careless mistakes
Difficulty keeping attention during tasks or activities
Appearing not to be listening during conversation
Not following through on instructions
Failing to finish things
Difficulty organizing
Avoiding or disliking engaging in tasks that require sustained attention
Leaving seat at times when expected to remain seated (i.e., during class, in the office)
Running or climbing at times when it is not appropriate
Inability to play or relax quietly
Always "on the go"
Talking excessively
Blurting out answers before a question is completed, finishing others' sentences
Difficulty waiting his/her turn
Interrupting or intruding on others
Treatment Most experts recommend using both ADHD medication and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or behavioral therapy, known as a multimodal treatment approach. For children, behavioral therapy includes specialized parent training, school-based interventions, and skills-based interventions. Once children with ADHD reach adolescence, there is less evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral training. However, CBT does have a significant role for kids with ADHD who develop secondary problems like conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorders, or mood disorders. For adults, CBT includes changing negative thinking patterns as well as skills-based interventions.